育苗方法对国槐萌发和生长的影响

Effects of Seedling Methods on Germination and Growth of Sophora japonica L.

为了克服直播造林和植苗造林这2种最常用的矿区植被恢复方法的缺点,本文提出了芽苗的方式,并在位于北京市昌平区的北京市科学技术研究院资源环境研究所生态修复基地的9个5 m×1 m的小区中开展试验。借助单因素方差分析、配对样本t检验、重复测量方差分析和多元方差分析等手段研究3种育苗方式(直播、植苗和芽苗)和坡向(西、西南和南)条件下国槐种子的萌发、苗木的存活率和生长状况以及根系特征,以评价不同育苗方式的效果。结果表明:(1)植苗造林和芽苗可促使国槐种子萌发和生长,移植前的发芽率和株高分别为70.58%和9.97 cm,分别是直播造林的1.48倍和1.53倍。(2)相同坡度下,移植后芽苗的存活率、苗木高度和根系生物量均显著高于直播造林和植苗造林(P<0.05);试验结束后,存活率最大的是坡向为西的芽苗(88.33%),苗木高度和根系生物量的最高值均取自坡向为南的芽苗,分别为158cm和131.5g。(3)育苗方式对苗木生长的影响最为显著,且随着时间不断增长,其中2020年对苗木高度和生长速率的效应量分别为0.290和0.199。综上所述,芽苗可以结合直播造林和植苗造林优势的同时克服其劣势,是一种更好的植被恢复方法。

Bud seedlings were used in this study to overcome the disadvantages of the frequently-used active vegetation restoration methods such as direct seeding and plant seedlings for mining areas.Survival and growth characteristics of Sophora japonica L.by bud seedlings,seedling planting,and direct seeding methods were in-vestigated through field plantation experiments in Changping District of Beijing,China.Nine plots(5 m×1 m)with slope of 25°were conducted and divided into 3 groups according to aspects of west,southwest,as well as south,and seeds were planted by following the three methods in each aspect.Germination,survival,seedling growth,and root parameters of each treatment were analyzed through one-way analysis of variance,paired-sample t test,re-peated measures analysis of variance,and multivariate analysis of variance to evaluate the effectiveness of the three seedling methods.The results showed that seedling planting and bud seedlings promoted seeds germination and growth,with a germination percentage of 70.58%and seedling height of 9.97 cm before transplantation,which were 1.48 times and 1.53 times higher than direct seeding,respectively.Moreover,bud seedlings showed the largest survival rate,seedling height,and root biomass under all aspects after transplantation(P<0.05),and at the end of the study,the largest values of the above indicators were 88.33%in BW(the plot with seedling method of bud seedlings in aspect west),158.36 cm in BS(the plot with seedling method of bud seedlings in aspect west south),and 131.5 g in BS,respectively.The effect of seedling method on seedling growth was most significant and increased with time,with effect sizes of 0.290 and 0.199 on seedling height and growth rate in 2020,respectively.Overall,bud seedlings could extract the advantages and overcome the disadvantages of seedling planting and di-rect seeding,which can be considered as a better method for vegetation restoration in the mining areas.