调节黑色素生成的主要信号通路

Major signaling pathways in regulation of melanogenesis

介绍了皮肤中的黑色素和血红素等色素,综述了黑色素生成的信号通路及其相关的信号分子,提出了美白原料的筛选策略。黑色素细胞生成的黑色素是影响皮肤颜色最大的色素。在黑色素细胞中,多个信号通路如cAMP/PKA、SCF/c-Kit/ERK、Wnt/Frizzled/GSK-3/β-catenin、p38/MSK1、PI3K/Akt、OPNs/CAMKII/PKC、AMPK、JNK、PLC/PKC-β、GC/PKG、PPARs/RXR等调控黑色素的生成。这些信号通路通过调控转录因子MITF的表达调节黑色素合成所需的酶,以及黑色素小体结构和转运相关的蛋白的表达,从而控制黑色素的生成。皮肤细胞合成分泌的多种信号分子如α-MSH,endothelin-1,ACTH,Activin A,TNF-α,IL-1α,KGF,IL-17,TNF-α等,以及人体分泌的性激素等通过结合黑色素细胞受体调控上述影响黑色素生成的信号通路。

Melanin,heme and other pigments in the skin were introduced.The signaling pathways of melanin synthesis and their related signaling molecules were reviewed.The screening strategies for whitening materials were put forward.Melanin,produced by melanocytes,is the major pigment that determines skin color.In melanocytes,signaling pathways such as cAMP/PKA,SCF/c-Kit/ERK,Wnt/Frizzled/GSK-3/β-catenin,p38/MSK1,PI3K/Akt,OPNs/CAMKII/PKc,AMPK,JNK,PLC/PKC-β,GC/PKG,and PPARs/RXR regulate the synthesis of melanin.These signaling pathways ultimately control the synthesis of melanin by regulating the expression of transcription factor MITF which regulates the enzymes required for melanin synthesis,as well as proteins related to the structure and transport of melanosomes.Various signal molecules synthesized and secreted by skin cells,such asα-MSH,endothelin-1,ACTH,Activin A,TNF-α,IL-1α,KGF,IL-17,TNF-α,etc.,and sex hormones,can regulate the signaling pathways mentioned above by binding to melanocyte receptors.