污染场地修复后再利用的典型安全风险及长期监管策略研究

Typical safety risk and long-term management strategies for post-remediation site reuse

从国内外工程实践看,部分污染程度较重、污染情况复杂的场地,修复后再利用过程中对人体健康、生态环境或工程建设会产生一定的安全风险。长期监管是保障修复后场地安全再利用的核心措施,目前我国在这方面的研究还很不足。统计分析了我国近年来550个污染场地案例数据,结果表明修复后场地再开发为居住用地类型的占比达58.7%;在此基础上剖析了重金属污染场地固化/稳定化后再释放和有机污染场地修复后蒸气入侵2类典型安全风险。借鉴国外的长期监管经验,结合国内案例实践,从长期监测、制度控制、定期回顾、公众参与及场地档案管理5个方面提出了针对上述典型安全风险的长期监管建议。

From the view of engineering practices at home and abroad,the reuse of heavily polluted and complex post-remediation site often poses safety risks to human health,ecological environment or engineering construction.Long-term stewardship is the core strategy to ensure the safe reuse of post-remediation sites.However,relevant studies in this field are still insufficient in China.Based on the statistical analysis of 550 cases of contaminated sites in China,the results showed that 58.7%of post-remediation sites were redeveloped for residential purposes.Two typical safety risk problems,including heavy metal re-release after solidification/stabilization and vapor intrusion of organic pollutants,were analyzed.Based on foreign advanced long-term stewardship experience and domestic practices,suggestions for long-term stewardship and improvement of the above typical safety risks were put forward from five aspects,including long-term monitoring,institutional control,regular review,public participation and site archives management.