新烟碱类杀虫剂污染土壤修复的研究进展

近年来因为新烟碱类杀虫剂的过度施用,其残留或转化的物质在土壤中大量累积,影响到昆虫等生物的生理行为,进而导致一系列的生态问题。介绍了新烟碱类杀虫剂的作用机理,并对比分析了其在土壤中的残留现状。重点阐述了采用生物降解的方法修复新烟碱类杀虫剂污染的土壤,以及新烟碱类杀虫剂在微生物体内主要通过羟基化、硝化还原、氰基的水解、去甲基化、脱氯反应这几个过程实现快速降解,同时梳理了新烟碱类杀虫剂生物降解的关键问题与前沿研究进展。

In recent years,due to the overuse of neonicotinic insecticides,their residues or transformed substances accumulate in the soil and then affect the physiological behavior of organisms such as insects,resulting in a series of ecological problems.The mechanism of neonicotinic insecticides is introduced,and their residues in soil are compared in different regions.Focuses on biodegradation methods for remediation of soil contamination caused by neonicotinoid pesticides,neonicotinic insecticides were rapidly degraded in microorganisms mainly through hydroxylation,nitrification reduction,hydrolysis of cyano group,demethylation,and dechlorination,and the key problems and cutting-edge progress in the biodegradation of neonicotinic insecticides are summarized.