实现全体人民共同富裕的现代化:三次分配的定位、挑战与对策

To Realize the Modernization of Common Prosperity for All People:The Position, Challenge and Countermeasure of Income Distribution

全体人民共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求,是中国式现代化的基本特征之一,而扎实推进共同富裕要基于体现效率、促进公平的收入分配制度。文章首先阐释初次分配、再分配与第三次分配在推进共同富裕进程中的定位与发挥的不同作用,然后深入分析当前三次分配分别面临的要素分配机会不公、再分配政策力度不足与第三次分配参与规模过小的具体挑战,针对性地提出在要素市场中充分发挥市场的决定性作用,增强政府的税收、社会保障与转移支付调节力度以及持续优化慈善发展环境的政策建议。

Common prosperity of all the people is the essential requirement of socialism,is one of the basic features of Chinese modernization.The solid promotion of common prosperity should be based on an income distribution system that embodies efficiency and promotes fairness.This paper first explains the positioning and different roles of the primary distribution,redistribution and the third distribution in promoting the process of common prosperity,and then makes an in-depth analysis of the specific challenges faced by the current three distributions,namely,unfair opportunities in the distribution of factors,insufficient redistribution policies and too small participation in the third distribution.This paper puts forward policy suggestions on giving full play to the decisive role of the market in factor market,strengthening the government’s regulation of tax,social security and transfer payments,and continuously optimizing the environment for charitable development.