基于多源大数据的城市空间紧凑度研究——以青岛市为例

Research on urban spatial compactness based on multi-source big data——a case study of Qingdao city

推动城市集约紧凑发展,是新型城镇化高质量发展的关键路径。综合考虑城市社会经济活动的集中程度、建筑环境的高密度和土地利用模式的混合情况,利用夜间灯光数据、城市建筑轮廓数据、兴趣点数据等多源大数据,优化城市空间紧凑T模型,构建城市空间紧凑度指数(USCI),从市级、区级、街道/镇级多个尺度对青岛市城市空间紧凑度进行测度。结果表明:基于优化的T模型构建的USCI可以有效反映城市空间紧凑水平;青岛市的市南区、市北区等老城区的城市空间紧凑度明显高于西海岸新区、即墨区等新城区,街道/乡镇层级的空间紧凑度分异明显,有超过一半的街道/镇处于城市空间不紧凑的状态。为促进城市空间紧凑发展,需要在三个方面下功夫:一是因地制宜,提高土地开发利用效率;二是提前谋划,引导城市功能合理布局;三是供需匹配,提高城市交通运行效率。

Promoting urban intensive and compact development is the key path to the high-quality development of new urbanization.Based on the comprehensive consideration of the concentration of urban socio-economic activities,the high density of building environment and the mixed situation of land use pattern,this paper uses multi-source big data,such as night light data,urban building contour data and point of interest(POI)data,to optimize the urban spatial compact T-model and construct the urban spatial compactness index(USCI).Taking Qingdao as an example,the measurement of urban spatial compactness is carried out at municipal,district and street/town scale.The results show that the USCI constructed on the basis of optimizing the urban spatial compact T-model can eff ectively reflect the urban spatial compactness level.The urban spatial compactness of old urban,areas such as Shinan district and Shibei district in Qingdao city,is obviously higher than that of new urban areas,such as the West Coast New district and Jimo district.The spatial compactness of street/town level is obviously differentiated,and more than half of the streets/towns are in the state of urban spatial non-compactness.In order to promote urban spatial compact development,efforts should be made in three aspects:first,in accordance with local conditions,improving the efficiency of land development and utilization;second,pre-planning and guiding rational layout of urban functions;third,matching supply and demand and improving the efficiency of urban transportation.