王化蔓延:宋王朝的圣节互动——以夏丽等国及边疆诸“蛮”为例

The Spread of Wanghua:Shengjie Interaction in the Song Dynasty:Taking Xixia,Gaoli and Other Frontier Barbarians as an Example

圣节互动包含面向国外使者的圣节交聘,以及来自国内边疆诸“蛮”的圣节朝贺。圣节交聘本质上是政治的延伸与国际关系的体现,因此,随着宋夏关系的起伏,宋夏间圣节交聘亦呈现出时断时续、缺乏稳定之特点。此外,随着宋王朝国力的提升,高丽及海外诸国也会不时于圣节间前来祝寿。圣节交聘是各国间保持交流与联系的重要渠道,同时更是一种国际间权力关系的再确认。与国与国之间的圣节交聘不同,圣节朝贺指的是宋朝边疆诸“蛮”在圣节时一系列的朝拜贺寿活动。通过这些活动,边疆诸“蛮”得以表达忠心,皇权藉此扩张,圣节政治意味进而彰显。

Shengjie Interaction includes Shengjie sending envoys and Shengjie worship from Barbarians in China’s border areas.Shengjie sending envoys is essentially an extension of politics and an embodiment of international relations.Therefore,with the change of the relationship between the Song Dynasty and Xixia,Shengjie sending envoys between them are intermittent and unstable.In addition,with the improvement of the national strength of the Song Dynasty,Gaoli and other overseas countries also occasionally come to celebrate the Shengjie.Shengjie sending envoys is an important channel for countries to maintain exchanges and contacts,and a reaffirmation of international power relations.Different from the Shengjie sending envoys between countries,Shengjie worship refers to a series of activities of worshipping and celebrating during the Shengjie from the Barbarians in China’s border areas.Through these activities,Barbarians are able to express their loyalty,the imperial power can be expanded,and the political significance of the Shengjie is further revealed.