铝/镁异种合金焊接研究现状

Research Status of Al/Mg Dissimilar Alloys Welding

镁合金和铝合金由于其轻质高强的特性在航空航天领域中被广泛应用,然而铝/镁异种合金的焊接却是一个极具挑战性的任务,因为铝/镁物理化学性质存在显著差异,易形成的脆性Al–Mg金属间化合物严重影响接头强度。本文从焊接方法角度讨论了目前铝/镁异种合金焊接研究现状,包括激光焊、TIG焊、搅拌摩擦焊、超声波焊、磁脉冲焊和一些其他的焊接方法;归纳了国内外为提高铝/镁异种合金焊接的综合力学性能做出的各种努力,具体包括采用固态焊接、加中间层、优化焊接工艺参数和复合焊接等来抑制镁铝金属间化合物的生成与长大。最后对铝/镁焊接的研究趋势进行了总结和展望。

Magnesium and aluminum alloys are widely used in the aerospace industries due to their lightweight and high strength characteristics.However,welding aluminum/magnesium dissimilar alloys is an extremely challenging task because of the significant differences in their physical and chemical properties,and the formation of brittle Al–Mg intermetallic compounds can seriously affect joint strength.This article discusses the current research status of welding aluminum/magnesium dissimilar alloys from the perspective of welding methods,including laser welding,TIG welding,friction stir welding,ultrasonic welding,magnetic pulse welding,and some other welding methods.Various efforts made by domestic and foreign researchers to improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of aluminum/magnesium dissimilar alloys welding joints are summarized,specifically including the use of solid-state welding,adding intermediate layers,optimizing welding process parameters,and composite welding to suppress the generation and growth of magnesium-aluminum intermetallic compounds.Finally,the research trends and prospects of aluminum/magnesium welding are summarized and discussed.