多源流理论视域下高等教育高质量发展政策变迁与路径选择

A Multiple-Stream Approach to the High-Quality Development in Higher Education:Policy Changes and Path Selection

“建设高质量教育体系”是我国“十四五”时期的政策导向和重点要求。以多源流理论分析我国高等教育发展政策转型过程,是对政策决策的模糊性作出模型化努力,也是对政策变迁动力机制的一种解释。基于多源流分析框架发现:高等教育与经济社会发展需求的矛盾,通过教育统计数据、系列焦点事件、社会各界反思反馈,形成问题源流;党和政府的顶层设计、相关共同体的政策构想、师生家长群的体验诉求,构成政策源流;公众情绪、意识形态转化为政治源流。问题源流、政策源流、政治源流交互耦合,合力推动了我国高等教育高质量发展的政策转型。新发展阶段,我国高等教育的“精准研策”应更注重系统性、整体性、协同性,在循序渐进中推动政策迭代趋优。

“Building a high-quality education system”is the policy guidance and key requirement in the“Fourteenth Five-Year Plan”period in China.Analyzing the policy transformation process of higher education development in China with the multiple-stream approach is an effort to model the fuzziness of policy decision-making,and also an explanation to the dynamic mechanism of policy transition.Based on the multiple-stream approach,this paper finds that the contradiction between higher education and demand of e⁃conomic and social development has formed the source of the problems through educational statistics,series of focus events,and reflec⁃tion and feedback from all sectors of society.The top-level design of the Party and the Government,the policy conception of the poli⁃cy involving the community,the feedback and reflection from social communities constitute the source of the policy.Public sentiment and the party’s ideology in the field of education have been transformed into political sources.The source of problems,policy and poli⁃tics are coupled.The three factors jointly promote the changes in China’s high-quality development policy transformation in higher education.In the new development stage,China’s high-quality development policy transformation should pay more attention to the systematic,integrated and coordinated development,and promote the policy iteration to make itself complicated evolutionarily.