《道德经》中生命观的印地语译介及跨文化阐释

The Hindi Translations and Cross-Cultural Interpretations of the Concept of Life in the Tao Te Ching

《道德经》对生命主题的强烈关注,与信奉“万物有灵”的印度传统文化哲学存在共鸣。这很可能是《道德经》成为在印度被译介得最为广泛且最为深入的中华典籍的一个重要原因。在《道德经》流传于印度的多语种译本中,作为官方语言的印地语译本尤为引人注目。五位印度译者翻译了五种《道德经》的印地语译本中,在翻译和阐释老子的生死观、行动观和身体观这三个与生命息息相关的主题时,不同的印地语译者在自身不同的知识结构、文化背景及读者期待视野的影响下,经历了不同的叛逆、融合、对话、变形与拓展。而在种种不同之中,存在某种以印度文化框架对老子思想进行格义的相同趋向。这种趋向让《道德经》从古代汉语到现代印地语转换的过程中,实现了老子生命观在印度文化空间中的重建。换言之,当老子的生命观思想披着印地语的外衣在印度重生之时,同时焕发出了中国智慧与印度智慧的光芒,可谓是中印双方文化基因交融的产物,是中印文化你情我愿的双向奔赴。

The intense focus on the theme of life in the Tao Te Ching resonates with the traditional Indian cultural philosophy that all things have souls.This is likely also an important reason why the Tao Te Ching has become India’s most widely and deeply translated Chinese classic.Among the multilingual versions of Tao Te Ching that have spread in India,the Hindi version as the official language deserves special attention.The research object of this article is the five Hindi translations of the Tao Te Ching translated by five Indian translators,which are related to the theme of life philosophy.When translating and interpreting Laozi’s views on life and death,action and body,which are closely related to life,different Hindi language translators have experienced various rebellions,fusion,dialogue,deformation,and expansion under the influence of their own different knowledge structures,cultural backgrounds,and readers’expectations.Among the differences,a similar trend exists in defining Laozi’s ideas within the framework of Indian culture.This trend enabled the transformation of the Tao Te Ching from ancient Chinese to modern Hindi and enabled the reconstruction of Laozi’s view on life in the Indian cultural space.In other words,when Laozi’s philosophy of life was reborn in India in the guise of Hindi,it represented both the Chinese and the Indian wisdom.It was a product of the fusion of cultural genes between China and India and a two-way journey of Chinese and Indian culture.