大气中含氮有机物的研究进展与展望

Advances and prospective of nitrated organic compounds in the atmosphere

硝基多环芳烃、硝基酚类化合物和有机硝酸酯是含氮有机物中受人为活动影响较大、反应活性较强,且对大气环境、气候变化及人体健康影响较大的3类.本文着重阐述了大气中这3类含氮有机物的研究现状,全面总结了目前关于其环境行为、分析方法、污染特征和来源成因等方面的最新研究成果,提出其污染防治手段.研究结果表明,含氮有机物的环境行为与其分子量和饱和蒸气压以及环境温湿度等密切相关.现有的大气环境中含氮有机物的分析方法主要是实验室离线检测和外场在线观测,量子化学计算方法也被用于其理论研究.含氮有机物的污染特征受到排放源和气象条件的作用呈现明显的时空分布变化,且一次燃烧排放和二次氧化反应生成是含氮有机物的主要来源.本文依据目前含氮有机物研究中存在的不足,提出了未来要加强毒性效应研究、分析方法完善和生成机制探讨的研究展望.

Nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,nitro-phenols and organic nitrates are three forms of nitrogen-containing organic compounds which are greatly affected by human activities,highly reactive and have significant impacts on the atmosphere,climate change and human health.This paper focuses on the current state of research on the three forms of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in the atmosphere,and summarizes the latest findings on their environmental behavior,analysis methods,pollution characteristics,sources and causes,and then proposes their pollution prevention measures.The conclusions indicate that the environmental behaviors of nitrogen-containing organic compounds are closely related to their molecular weights,saturation vapor pressure,ambient temperature and humidity.The main analytical methods now employed for nitrogen-containing organic compounds in atmospheric environments are off-line detection in laboratories and online observation in the field,and the quantum chemistry calculation method is also used for their theoretical research.The pollution characteristics of nitrogen-containing organic compounds showed obvious spatiotemporal variations under the influence of emission sources and meteorological conditions.And the primary combustion emissions and secondary oxidation reactions were the main sources of nitrogen-containing organic compounds.Based on the limitations of the current research on nitrogen-containing organic compounds,this study proposes future research prospects to strengthen the investigation of toxic effects,improve the analytical methods and explore the generation mechanisms.