低温大曲真菌菌群结构解析及其风味品质评价

Analysis of fungal flora structure and evaluation of flavor quality of low-temperature Daqu

该研究首先使用高通量测序技术解析长治地区低温大曲中真菌的菌群结构,继而使用电子鼻评价大曲的风味品质,最后对真菌菌群与风味品质进行了关联性分析。通过高通量测序可知,在所有大曲样品中均存在且平均相对含量大于1.0%的真菌属有根霉属(Rhizopus)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、双足囊菌属(Dipodascus)、丝毕赤酵母属(Hyphopichia)、梗霉属(Lichtheimia)、根毛霉属(Rhizomucor)和复膜孢酵母属(Saccharomycopsis)。通过电子鼻检测可知,低温大曲中主要的挥发性物质主要为有机硫化物、萜类物质和乙醇。通过相关性分析可知,在真菌属之间,Lichtheimia与Rhizomucor、Hyphopichia与Saccharomycopsis均呈显著正相关(P<0.05);在真菌属与风味品质之间,Rhizomucor与有机硫化物呈显著正相关(P<0.05),Lichtheimia与芳香类物质呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。由此可见,长治地区低温大曲中含有丰富的真菌类群,并且真菌属与风味品质存在一定的关联性。

In this study,the fungal flora structure of low-temperature Daqu in Changzhi area was firstly analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology,and then the flavor quality was evaluated by electronic nose,finally,the correlation between fungal flora and flavor quality was analyzed.High-throughput sequencing showed that the fungal genera present in all samples with an average relative content greater than 1.0%were Rhizopus,Aspergillus,Dipodascus,Hyphopichia,Lichtheimia,Rhizomucor,and Saccharomycopsis.It was found by electronic nose detection that the volatile substances in low-temperature Daqu were mainly organic sulfides,terpenoids,and ethanol.The correlation analysis showed that Lichtheimia was significantly positively correlated with Rhizomucor(P<0.05)and Hyphopichia was significantly positively correlated with Saccharomycopsis(P<0.05).As for fungal genera and flavor quality,Rhizomucor showed a significant positive correlation with organic sulfide(P<0.05),and Lichtheimia showed a significant positive correlation with aromatic substances(P<0.05).Thus,it can be seen that low-temperature Daqu in Changzhi area was rich in fungal taxa and there was a correlation between fungal genera and flavor quality.