不同甘蔗品种主茎与一级分蘖茎的生长表现简报

A brief report on growth performance of main stem and primary tillering stem of different varieties of sugarcane

[目的]探讨不同甘蔗品种主茎与一级分蘖茎的生长表现及其对甘蔗产量和糖分的影响,为甘蔗高产高糖生产管理提供依据。[方法]以桂糖29号、桂糖42号、桂糖44号、桂糖49号、桂柳05136和新台糖22号新植蔗为试材,比较各品种主茎与一级分蘖茎伸长期株高生长量及成熟期株高、茎径、单茎重和锤度等农艺性状。[结果]不同甘蔗品种伸长期主茎株高均大于一级分蘖茎,其中桂糖42号、桂柳05136和新台糖22号前期生长较快,主茎与分蘖茎株高差异显著;桂糖29号、桂糖44号和桂糖49号主茎和一级分蘖茎伸长中期生长较快,后期与桂糖42号、桂柳05136、新台糖22号的生长差异逐渐缩小。成熟期各品种主茎株高、茎径和单茎重均大于一级分蘖茎,株高除桂柳05136、茎径除桂糖49号、单茎重除桂糖44号外,主茎与一级分蘖茎差异均达显著水平;不同品种主茎单茎重分别比一级分蘖茎提高了19.31%~41.73%,其中桂糖42号增幅最大,达41.73%,桂柳05136增幅最小,为19.31%;各品种主茎锤度均大于或等于一级分蘖茎,但差异不显著。[结论]桂糖42号、桂柳05136和新台糖22号伸长前期生长快、封行早,可适当加大下种量,确保基本苗;而桂糖29号、桂糖49号和桂糖44号生长慢、封行迟,可适当减少下种量,促早期分蘖,以提高甘蔗产量和含糖量。

[Purpose]The growth performance of main stem and primary tillering stem of different sugarcane varieties,and their impacts on sugarcane yield and sugar content were investigated to provide a theoretical basis for the production management of high-yield and high-sugar content sugarcane.[Method]Height growth of main stem and primary tillering stem at the elongation stage,and plant height,stem diameter,single stem weight and brix at the maturity stage were compared using the newly planted varieties of Guitang 29,Guitang 42,Guitang 44,Guitang 49,Guiliu 05136 and Xingtaitang 22.[Result]The height of main stem was greater than that of primary tillering stem for the varieties tested at the elongation stage.Varieties of Guitang 42,Guiliu 05136 and Xingtaitang 22 grew faster at the early elongation stage,leading to significant difference in the heights of main stem and tillering stem.While Guitang 29,Guitang 44 and Guitang 49 grew faster at the middle stage of elongation,therefore the growth gap compared to those of Guitang 42,Guitang 05136 and Xingtaitang 22 was gradually narrowed at the later stage.At the maturity stage,main stem height,stem diameter and single stem weight of most varieties were significantly greater than those of primary tiller stems,except for insignificant differences on the main stem height of Guiliu 05136,stem diameter of Guitang 49 and single stem weight of Guitang 44 compared to the counterparts of primary tillering stems.Single stem weights of all the varieties were generally 19.31%-41.73%higher than those of primary tillering stem,among which Guitang 42 realized the maximum growth by 41.73%and Guiliu 05136 had the least growth by 19.31%.The brix of main stem was greater than or equal to that of primary tillering stem for all the varieties tested,but the difference was not significant.[Conclusion]Varieties of Guitang 42,Guiliu 05136 and Xingtaitang 22 grew fast and had early canopy closure at the early elongation stage,so seeding amount could be appropriately increased to ensure basic seedlings.On the contrary,varieties of Guitang 29,Guitang 49 and Guitang 44 grew slowly and had late canopy closure at the early elongation stage,so less seeding amount was recommended to promote early tillering and increase the yield and sugar content of sugarcane.