类型化视角下生态环境损害赔偿范围研究

Study on Range of Compensation forEcological Damage from Perspective of Classification

赔偿范围是侵权救济的核心。《民法典》第1235条采用了列举的方式规定了生态环境损害赔偿,但是相关规范性文件和司法实践中对赔偿范围的理解和操作仍存在着较大的差异,阻碍了法律适用的统一。从法律解释论出发,分析法定赔偿项目的内涵外延和相互关系,明确生态修复类费用的优先性和生态服务功能损失的兜底性,是探究生态损害赔偿之应然范围的前提。从比较法溯源角度吸纳中外治理经验,对五类赔偿项目予以类型化解构,从而有效弥合法律概念的抽象与现实司法的纷繁,最终确定生态环境损害赔偿的合理范围。

The scope of compensation is the core of tort relief.Article 1235 of the Civil Code stipulates the compensation for ecological environment damage by way of enumeration,but there are still great differences in the understanding and operation of the scope of compensation in relevant normative documents and judicial practice,which hinders the unification of the application of law.Starting from the theory of legal interpretation,to analyze the connotation,extension and interrelationship of legal compensation items,to clarify the priority of ecological restoration costs and the underpinning of ecological service loss is the premise of exploring the scope of ecological damage compensation.By absorbing the domestic and foreign governance experience from the perspective of comparative law tracing,the five types of compensation items are deconstructed,so as to effectively bridge the abstract legal concept and the complexity of practical justice,and finally determine the reasonable scope of ecological environmental damage compensation.