常识、霸权与新自由主义危机——斯图亚特·霍尔的新自由主义批判

Common Sense,Hegemony,and the Crisis of Neoliberalism:Stuart Hall’s Critique of Neoliberalism

新自由主义在金融危机与新冠疫情的双重考验下暴露出所具有的局限性。然而,西方社会形势并未自动转向左翼。英国左翼思想家斯图亚特·霍尔的新自由主义批判理论对此进行了解释。他认为,常识是争夺意识形态领导权的重要阵地。新自由主义不仅利用新的经济话语将主体构建为无革命意识的消费者,还运用新的种族主义话语将政治焦点转移到特定民族、种族或宗教之上,绕开了资本主义制度这一根本问题。正是通过一系列常识运作成功实现去政治化目的,从而使新自由主义占据社会主导地位。霍尔的批判性分析对于理解当前西方新自由主义危机以及展望社会主义未来仍然具有重要意义。

Neoliberalism has exposed its own limitations under the double test of the financial crisis and the COVID-19.However,the social situation in the West did not automatically turn to the left.This is explained by the British leftist thinker Stuart Hall.He believes that common sense is an important battleground for ideological hegemony.Neoliberalism uses new economic discourses to construct subjects as non-revolutionary consumers and new racist discourses to bypass the fundamental problems of the capitalist system and to shift attention to particular nationalities,races,or religions is precisely through a series of common sense operations successfully achieve the purpose of depoliticization,thereby occupying a dominant position in society.Hall’s critical analysis remains important for understanding the current crisis of neoliberalism in the West and for looking to the future of socialism.