单兵通信系统头盔天线研究进展

Research Progress on Helmet Antenna in Individual Soldier Communication System

头盔天线是指以特殊的人工结构或材料共形到单兵可穿戴头盔上的一种天线,它是单兵无线通信系统中的核心器件。当前的头盔天线研究仅关注辐射全向性、大宽带、高增益和低比吸收率(SAR)中的某一方面或两个方面,难以满足快速发展的战术通信要求。近年来各种基于人工磁导体、超构材料等新型材料/结构的天线设计和阻抗匹配方法被相继提出,使得头盔天线有望突破增益、带宽、尺寸、重量和电磁辐射之间相互制约的技术难题。该文旨在通过系统总结国内外对于头盔天线在控制辐射方向、扩展带宽、增益提高、抑制比吸收率的研究进展之基础上,展望未来头盔天线重点突破的技术方向,并提出一种基于非福斯特电路的圆形阵列头盔天线技术构想。

Helmet antenna is a kind of antenna that is conformal to individual wearable helmet with unique man-made structure or material.It is the core component of individual soldier wireless communication system.In most of the current schemes of helmet antennas,it is only focused on one or two aspects of antenna performances such as omnidirectional radiation,wide bandwidth,high gain and low Specific Absorption Rate(SAR),which is difficult to meet the volatile changing tactical requirements.Recently,a variety of new structures of antenna designing and impedance matching methods based on the artificial magnetic conductors and metamaterials have been proposed,which make it hopeful for helmet antenna to break through the technical problems of mutual restriction among gain,bandwidth,size,weight and electromagnetic radiation.In this paper,the research progress of helmet antenna in radiation direction controlling,bandwidth expanding,gain enhancement and reduction of specific absorption rate is firstly summarized.Meanwhile the breakthroughs of helmet antenna in the future is anticipated and a kind of round array helmet antenna designing based on non-Foster circuit is proposed.