MICP技术及其在油气田开发过程中的应用进展

Progress of MICP technology and its application in oil and gas field development

微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀(MICP)技术是利用微生物的新陈代谢活动诱导沉积碳酸盐,从而对松散物质进行胶结的技术,该技术凭借反应速率可控、高渗透性、绿色环保等优点被广泛应用,具有较好的应用前景。笔者系统综述了MICP技术的作用原理、应用菌种、矿化胶结机制,以及MICP技术在油气田开发领域的应用。MICP技术主要通过尿素水解作用、反硝化作用、硫酸盐还原作用或甲烷氧化作用实现,诱导碳酸盐沉淀的微生物主要分为产胞外聚合物菌、产脲酶菌、反硝化菌、硫酸盐还原菌和甲烷氧化菌。MICP技术的矿化作用产生碳酸盐沉淀,可作为桥梁胶结松散物质,形成统一的整体。将MICP技术应用于油气田开发过程中堵塞孔隙及裂缝,可以在预防出砂的同时改善水驱开发效果,提高油气采收率。

Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)takes advantage of the metabolic activities of microorganisms to induce carbonate deposition and cement loose materials.The technology has been widely used due to its controllable reaction rate,high permeability,and environmental friendliness,having a good application prospect.In this paper,the principle of MICP technology,applied bacteria,mineralization and cementation mechanism,and the application of MICP technology in oil and gas field development are systematically reviewed.MICP can be achieved through urea hydrolysis,denitrification,sulfate reduction,or methane oxidation.The microorganisms inducing carbonate precipitation are mainly divided into extracellular polymer producing bacteria,urease producing bacteria,denitrifying bacteria,sulfate reducing bacteria and methane oxidizing bacteria.The MICP technology can induce carbonate precipitation by mineralization and act as a bridge to cement loose materials so that they can form a unified whole.Thus,MICP can be used to plug pores and fractures to prevent sand production in oil and gas wells and also improve the effectiveness of water flooding to enhance oil and gas recovery.