理解中国消费问题:典型事实、影响因素及政策建议

Understanding China’s Consumption Issues:Stylized Facts,Influencing Factors and Policy Recommendations

在当前需求动力转变和经济结构转型的背景下,充分释放消费潜力对于加快构建新发展格局和大力提振市场信心具有重要现实意义。国内方面,消费已经成为中国经济增长第一拉动力,反映出中国经济由投资拉动型逐渐转向为内需拉动型的发展模式;国际方面,中国最终消费率长期处于G20国家中的较低水平,表明未来提高消费率存在巨大空间。中国消费既受到经济增长、收入分配、人口因素、就业的影响,也受到宏观政策体系的直接和间接影响。为全面释放消费潜力,应采取如下措施:其一,要把保障就业放在宏观政策优先位置;其二,要完善社会保障体系,持续保障和改善民生;其三,要推动全国统一大市场建设,优化消费环境;其四,要积极发展与规范平台经济,提升消费品质。

In light of the current shift in demand dynamics and economic structural transformation,it is crucial to fully unleash consumption potential to accelerate the construction of a new development pattern and vigorously boost market confidence.To better understand China’s consumption issues,this paper first examines stylized facts about China’s consumption from both domestic and international perspectives.Domestically,consumption has become the main driver of China’s economic growth,indicating a gradual transition from an investment-driven to a demand-driven development pattern.Internationally,China’s final consumption rate has consistently remained low among G20 countries,suggesting considerable room for growth.The paper further analyzes that China’s consumption is not only affected by economic growth,income distribution,demographic factors,employment,but also directly and indirectly affected by the macro policy system.Finally,this paper proposes policy recommendations to fully unleash consumption potential:first,to prioritize employment protection in macro policies;second,to improve the social security system to continuously protect and improve people’s well-being;third,to optimize the consumption environment by promoting the construction of a unified domestic market;fourth,to improve the quality of consumption by developing and regulating the platform economy.