外交话语技巧与国家安全危机的化解

Diplomatic Discourse Skills and Resolution of National Security Crisis

习惯于丛林法则思维的人大多认为,国家安全危机化解的关键手段就是国家的实力,甚至只是武力。但是国家实力并不是确保国家安全和化解安全危机的唯一手段,国际关系的“安全困境”表明,在国家实力之外,化解国家安全危机还有其他有效的手段,即话语技巧的使用和语言功能的发挥。外交话语视域下,国家安全危机大致可以识别为:舆论攻击、经济制裁、战争威胁、军事包围。这四个方面即便在最有可能发生战争的军事包围,只要战争还没有打响,那么外交行为就不会停止,话语化解安全危机的可能性就依然存在。话语化解安全危机的方式主要在于话语技巧的使用,即把话语技巧嵌入外交声明、说服、辩论、反驳等话语实践中,使不可能的和平变成可能的和平,使可能的战争成为不可能的战争,从而大大降低国家安全成本,维护国家安全。

People who are accustomed to“the law of the jungle”generally believe that the key means to resolve the national security crisis is the strength of the country or even just force.However,national strength is not the only means to ensure national security and resolve security crises.The“security dilemma”of international relations shows that,apart from national strength,there are more effective means to resolve the national security crisis,namely the use of discourse skills and the function of language.From the perspective of diplomatic discourse,national security crisis can be roughly identified as:public opinion attack,economic sanctions,war threat,military encirclement.In these four aspects,even in the military encirclement where war is most likely to occur,as long as the war has not started,diplomacy will not stop,and the possibility of discourse to resolve the security crisis still exists.The way of discourse to resolve security crisis mainly lies in the use of discourse skills,that is,to embed discourse skills in diplomatic statements,persuasions,debates,rebuttals and other discourse practices to make impossible peace possible and possible war impossible,thus greatly reducing the cost of national security and safeguarding national security.