应急科学的基础理论研究进路

Research Approaches of the Basic Theory of Emergency Science

为了从安全科学学的高度建立专门研究应急科学的新学科,以安全科学目前的研究理论和方法为指导,结合人文社会医学等学科的研究范式,提出关于应急研究的新观点、新理论和新模型。首先,通过文献检索分析了国内外应急相关研究成果,对存在问题和应急科学研究的基本趋势进行了阐述;其次,提出应急具有的6种属性关系,明确应急的特性和内涵。在应急类型研究中首创了基于应急认知的分类层次模型;同时,根据科学学思想提出了应急科学思维下的安全新定义和其他安全科学相关基本概念,并进行了内涵解释;此外,开创构建了应急科学的基本概念,建立了应急科学概念模型,指出应急科学研究的“345”模式及其内涵;再次,借鉴交叉学科范式研究出应急科学的相关理论基础和学科分类关系,构建出应急科学之树;最后,总结应急科学3个主要方面的研究内容。

In order to establish a new discipline specializing in emergency science from the perspective of safety science,under the guidance of the current research theories and methods of safety science,combined with the research paradigm of humanities and social medicine,new viewpoints,new theories and new models about emergency research are put forward.First of all,through literature retrieval,this paper analyzes the relevant research results of emergency at home and abroad,and expounds the existing problems and the basic trend of emergency scientific research;secondly,it puts forward six kinds of attribute relations of emergency,and defines the characteristics and connotation of emergency.In the study of emergency types,a hierarchical classification model based on emergency cognition is created;at the same time,according to the thought of science,the new definition of safety under the thinking of emergency science and other basic concepts related to safety science are put forward and explained;in addition,the basic concept of emergency science is created,the conceptual model of emergency science is established,and the“3-4-5”model and its connotation of emergency science research are pointed out.Thirdly,draw lessons from the interdisciplinary paradigm to study the relevant theoretical basis and discipline classification relationship of emergency science,and construct the tree of emergency science;finally,the research contents of three main aspects of emergency science are summarized.