区域政策与户籍、就业制度交织下的中国人口迁移特征

The Characteristics of China’s Population Migration under the Interaction of Regional Policy,Household Registration and Employment System

中国式现代化是人口规模巨大的现代化,实现中国式现代化,人口迁移的作用不容忽视。区域政策、户籍制度、就业制度的交织演变共同影响着中国的人口迁移,第七次全国人口普查等最新数据反映出中国人口迁移的主要特征:在规模上,从零星迁移到大量迁移,流动人口规模增速加快;在结构上,乡—城迁移人口持续增加,城—城迁移人口占比提高;在流向上,从单向迁移转变为多向迁移,东西差异与南北差异并存;在范围上,省内迁移是人口迁移的主流,就近迁移趋势增强。其中,区域政策对人口迁移的流向特征和范围特征影响较大,而户籍制度和就业制度则对人口迁移的规模特征和结构特征影响较大。因此,可以通过区域政策、户籍与就业制度的改革来引导人口的迁移,以利于中国式现代化的实现。

Chinese modernization is a modernization of huge population.To achieve Chinese path to modernization,the role of population migration cannot be ignored.The intertwined evolution of regional policies,the household registration system and the employment system jointly affects China’s population migration.The latest data such as the Seventh Census reflects the main characteristics of China’s population migration:in terms of scale,the population migration has shifted from sporadic migration to massive migration,and the growth rate of the floating population has accelerated;in terms of structure,the rural-urban migration population continues to increase,and the proportion of urban-urban migration population increases;in terms of flow direction,it has changed from one-way migration to multi-directional migration,and the differences between east and west coexist with the differences between north and south;in terms of scope,intra-provincial migration is the mainstream of population migration,and the trend of nearby migration is increasing.Among them,regional policies have a greater impact on the flow direction and scope characteristics of population migration,while the registered residence system and employment system have a greater impact on the scale and structure characteristics of population migration.Therefore,the population migration can be guided through the reform of regional policies,household registration and employment system,so as to facilitate the realization of Chinese modernization.