中国省际经济差距的格局演变及其影响因素

The Evolution and Influencing Factors of China's Inter-Provincial Economic Gap

改革开放以来,中国省际绝对经济差距在不断扩大,但相对经济差距呈现在波动中总体下降趋势。以基尼系数测度的中国省际经济差距一直处在正常范围,并没有出现经济差距过大的现象。伴随着省际经济差距的时序变化,中国省际经济差距在空间上也在不断发展变化。从东中西三大地带看,经历了东中西三大地带经济差距扩大再缩小的过程;从南北区域来看,中国经济的重心不断从北方区域向南方区域转移。单位劳动所拥有的资本量、市场化水平、城镇化水平、产业结构、交通基础设施、对外开放水平、技术创新能力、人力资本以及人口等因素对省际经济差距及其演变产生了影响。由此,我们要采取有力措施促进各省经济协调发展,落后省份应提升自我发展的动能,要加强省际交流与合作,促进各省经济协调发展。

Since the reform and opening up,the absolute economic disparity between provinces in China has been increasing,but the relative economic disparity has been fluctuating in a generally declining trend.The inter-provincial economic disparity in China,as measured by the Gini coefficient,has been within the normal range,and there has not been an excessive economic disparity between provinces.Along with the temporal changes in inter-provincial economic disparities,China's inter-provincial economic disparities are also evolving in spatial terms.In terms of the three major zones,East,Central and West,it has experienced a process of widening and then narrowing of the economic gap between the three major zones;in terms of the North and South regions,the centre of gravity of China's economy has continuously shifted from the Northern region to the Southern region.Factors such as the amount of capital per unit of labour,the level of marketisation,the level of urbanisation,the industrial structure,the transport infrastructure,the level of openness to the outside world,the capacity for technological innovation,human capital and demographic factors have had an impact on the inter-provincial economic gap and its evolution.As a result,it is necessary to take strong measures to promote the joint and coordinated economic development of all provinces;the lagging provinces should enhance the momentum of their own development;and inter-provincial exchanges and cooperation should be strengthened to promote the coordinated economic development of all provinces.