陕西省饮水型氟病区农村学校水氟健康风险评估

Health risk assessment of water fluoride in rural schools in drinking-water fluorosis areas in Shaanxi Province

目的评估陕西省饮水型氟病区农村学校饮用水中氟化物的健康风险,以期为防氟改水措施提供科学依据。方法2017—2020年对陕西省关中地区和陕北地区农村学校饮用水进行监测,参照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)对氟化物浓度进行评价,采用USEPA推荐的健康风险评价方法对两大区域农村学生经饮水途径暴露氟化物的健康风险进行评价。结果2017—2020年共监测水样2826份,水质氟化物整体达标率为92.29%,平均浓度为0.500mg/L,饮水型氟病区农村学校饮用水中氟化物非致癌健康风险<1;同一年龄组不同区域间水质氟化物非致癌健康风险差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);同一年龄组地下水中氟化物非致癌健康风险均高于地表水(P<0.05);不同水处理方式饮用水中氟化物非致癌健康风险从高到低依次为仅消毒>沉淀过滤>常规处理>未处理(P<0.05)。结论陕西省饮水型氟病区农村学校饮用水中氟化物经口摄入途径产生的非致癌风险尚在可接受水平,还需持续推进以改水降氟为主的综合防治措施。

Objective To assess the health risks of fluoride in drinking water in rural schools in drinking-water fluorosis areas in Shaanxi Province,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating measures to prevent fluoride and improve water quality.Methods The drinking water of rural schools in Guanzhong and northern Shaanxi Province was monitored from 2017 to 2020.The fluoride concentration was evaluated in accordance with the"Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water"(GB5749-2006).The health risk assessment method recommended by USEPA was used to assess the health risk of rural students exposed to fluoride through drinking water in the two regions.Results A total of 2826 water samples were monitored from 2017 to 2020.The overall compliance rate of fluoride in water quality was 92.29%,with an average concentration of 0.500 mg/L.The non-carcinogenic health risk of fluoride in drinking water in rural schools in drinking-water fluorosis areas was<1.There was no statistically significant difference in non-carcinogenic health risk of fluoride in water quality between different regions of the same age group(P>0.05).In the same age group,the non-carcinogenic health risk of fluoride in groundwater was higher than that in surface water(P<0.05).The order of non-carcinogenic health risk of fluoride in drinking water with different water treatment methods from high to low was disinfection only>sedimentation filtration>conventional treatment>untreated(P<0.05).Conclusion The non-carcinogenic risk of oral intake of fluoride in drinking water from rural schools in drinking-water fluorosis areas in Shaanxi Province is still at an acceptable level.In the future,it is necessary to continue to promote comprehensive prevention and treatment measures focusing on water improvement and fluoride reduction.