测向天线基线选择对测量精度影响的研究

Research on the influence of baseline selection of direction‑finding antennas on measurement accuracy

无线电测向应用广泛,常用的天线阵列类型有线阵、圆阵和椭圆阵等。设计天线阵列时,需要考虑天线尺寸、阵列构成等因素对测向精度的影响,以保证系统性能指标。首先,构建了针对五元线阵和五元均匀圆阵的干涉测向模型,采用了一种基于平行虚拟基线选择完成测向解模糊的方法,将相位测量值与测向理论数据库进行相关,相关最大值所对应的角度即为来波方向。其次,分别分析了测向过程中的频率灵敏度和角度灵敏度所引起的测向误差。最后,通过MonteCarlo仿真,分析了相位误差在15°的标准偏差条件下的测向误差,并获取测向精度分布图,为实际应用时天线阵列设计提供参考。

Radio direction-finding has wide application,and commonly used antenna arrays include linear ar⁃rays,circular arrays,elliptic arrays,etc.When designing antenna array,it is necessary to consider the influence of antenna size,array composition and other factors on direction-finding accuracy to ensure the system performance index.Firstly,an interference direction-finding model for a five element linear array and a five element uniform cir⁃cular array is constructed.A method based on parallel virtual baseline selection is used to achieve direction-finding deblurring.The phase measurement values are correlated with the direction-finding theoretical database,and the angle corresponding to the maximum correlation value is the direction of the incoming wave.Secondly,the direc⁃tion-finding errors caused by frequency sensitivity and angle sensitivity in the direction-finding process are ana⁃lyzed.Finally,by means of MonteCarlo simulation,the direction-finding error under the condition of 15°standard deviation of phase error is analyzed,and the direction-finding accuracy distribution map is obtained,which provides reference for antenna array design in practical application.