北宋大学教育改革主张及其当代启示——以名臣奏议为中心

The Ideas of University Education Reform in Northern Song Dynasty and its Contemporary Enlightenment Focused on Memorials of Eminent Officials

北宋以国子监、太学为主的大学教育改革成效卓著,尤其是熙丰年间王安石革新贡举之法期间。北宋“三冗”积弊造成的系列社会危机,促使名臣围绕“学校试”纷纷奏谏,提出诸项治策。其中,兴办学校以提振贡举、择有德者为师、以道德礼义教养生徒的主张,为北宋大学教育改革提供了重要参考。北宋教育改革的理念与主张,对当代高等教育改革具有重要启示意义,兴办公立高校以统一意识形态与社会理念、择师时加大道德考量标准、加强学生道德礼义的习得,均为新时代高等教育改革值得尝试的有效举措。

In the Northern Song dynasty,the reform of university education concerning Guo Zi Jian and Tai Xue achieved remarkable results,especially during the period of Wang Anshi’s innovation of Gongju during the reigns of Emperors Xining and Yuanfeng.A series of social crises caused by the accumulated disadvantages of“Three Redundancies”in the Northern Song dynasty prompted the then eminent officials to make suggestions and put forward various governance strategies on the“School Test”.Among them,the idea of setting up schools to promote Gongju(an ancient method of selecting talents),select the virtuous as the teacher,and educate the students with morality and righteousness provided important reference for the education reform of the Northern Song dynasty.The ideas and propositions of the education reform are of great significance to the contemporary higher education reform.The establishment of public colleges and universities to unify ideology and social ideas,the increase in the standards of moral consideration when teachers are selected,and the strengthening of students’acquisition of moral and ethical values are all effective measures worth trying in the new era of higher education reform.