海南岛典型农用地土壤综合肥力评价

Soil Nutrient Analysis and Comprehensive Fertility Evaluation of Four Types of Agricultural Land in Hainan Island

为研究海南岛典型农用地土壤肥力情况,对海南省林地、耕地、园地和草地用地类型下的土壤pH、机械组成、有机质、阳离子交换量、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾进行测定及统计分析,参考《全国第二次土壤普查养分分级标准》,采用内梅罗(Nemerow)指数法对各用地类型进行土壤综合肥力评价。结果表明:不同用地类型中,氮素含量均表现为缺乏水平;磷素含量均表现为丰富或很丰富水平;而钾素含量在林地和耕地中为丰富水平,在园地中属于中等水平,在草地中表现为缺乏水平。在4种不同农用地类型中,土壤有机质与阳离子交换量、全氮、碱解氮均呈显著相关(P<0.05)或极显著相关(P<0.01),土壤阳离子交换量与全氮、碱解氮也呈较强的相关性,其他土壤养分之间几乎无相关性或相关性较弱。而4种不同农用地类型的土壤综合肥力值依次为园地(1.164)>林地(1.058)>耕地(0.879)>草地(0.784),其中园地和林地的土壤综合肥力水平均属于一般,而耕地和草地属于贫瘠。因此,应该加强土地管理,合理利用土地,改善土壤养分结构,最终提高土地生产力。

For the study of Hainan Island typical farmland soil fertility conditions,the forest land,cultivated land,gar-den land and grass land of Hainan,China under the type of soil pH,mechanical composition,organic matter,cation ex-change capacity,total nitrogen,alkali solution nitrogen,total phosphorus,effective phosphorus,total potassium were determined and statistically analyzed.Based on“the second soil census nutrient classification standard”,the Nemerow Index Method was used to evaluate the comprehensive soil fertility of each land use type.The results showed that ni-trogen content was deficient in different land use types.The phosphorus content was abundant or very abundant.Potas-sium content was abundant in woodland and cultivated land,moderate in garden land,and deficient in grassland.In the four types of farmland,and cation exchange capacity of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,hydrolyze nitrogen were sig-nificantly correlated(P<0.05)or extremely significant correlation(P<0.01),soil cation exchange capacity and total ni-trogen and hydrolysis nitrogen showed strong correlation,and other soil nutrient showed virtually no correlation or weak correlation.The corresponding comprehensive soil fertility of the four land types was in the order of garden land(1.164)>forest land(1.058)>arable land(0.879)>grassland(0.784).The comprehensive soil fertility of garden land and forest land was average,while that of arable land and grassland was poor.Therefore,we should strengthen land man-agement,rational use of land,improve soil nutrient structure,and finally improve land productivity.