论张载哲学中“气”的伦理意蕴

On the Ethical Implication of“Qi”in Zhang Zai’s Philosophy

张载论“气”,正所谓“立标以明道”,在宋明儒家经典诠释及义理建构中堪称典范。“气”不仅具有一般宇宙本体的形上意义,而且包括个体人格的塑造、伦理秩序的生成以及万物生生的伦理本体形态,并通过逻辑的方式推衍形成系统的义理结构。“气”扩充、流行于天人之际所体现的自然属性与人文特质,以德性、伦理及秩序等方式在宇宙论的视野中肯定人、人性以及人道。于此,展开一个“生生”的伦理世界,又蕴蓄追寻至善的理想境界。

Zhang Zai’s theory of“Qi”,the so-called“setting up a beacon to show the way”,could be regarded as a model in the interpretation of Confucian classics in the Song and Ming dynasties and the moral construction.“Qi”not only has the metaphysical meaning of the general universe but also includes the shaping of individual personality,the generation of ethical order,and the form of ethical ontology for the creation of all things and forms a systematic moral structure through logical derivation.“Qi”expands and prevails between heaven and man,which embodies natural attributes and humanistic characteristics,and affirms human beings,human nature,and humanity in the perspective of cosmology in the form of virtue,ethics,and order.Accordingly,a“living”ethical world is unfolded,and the ideal state of pursuing the ultimate excellence is stored.