德国应急救援能力建设的经验与启示

Building of Emergency Rescue Capacity in Germany: Experience and Inspiration

德国自然灾害频发,为保障国民生命财产安全和工业的正常运转,政府对防灾减灾及应急救援领域极其重视。二战后,联邦德国着手建立自身的应急管理体系,时至今日,已具备多层级应急管理系统,拥有先进救援技术、多领域救援装备,以及超过三百万名专兼职救援人员(占人口总数3.75%)。德国应急救援力量除保证自身的应急救援需求,还在欧盟、联合国人道主义事务协调办公室、联合国减少灾害风险办公室拥有强大的影响力。本文对德国应急救援能力建设进行了基础分析,并与我国应急救援工作现状进行了对比,提出了几点思考。

Natural disasters occur frequently in Germany.To ensure safety of people’s lives and property and the normal operation of industry,the government attaches great importance to disaster prevention,mitigation and emergency rescue.After World War II,the Federal Republic of Germany began to establish its own emergency management system.Today,it has a multi-level emergency management system,armed with advanced rescue technology,multi-scenario rescue equipment,and more than 3 million full-time and part-time rescuers(accounting for 3.75%of the total population).German emergency rescue forces not only ensures their own emergency rescue needs,but also has strong influence in the European Union,the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs and the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction.This paper makes a basic analysis on building of emergency rescue capacity in Germany,compares it with the current situation of emergency rescue in China,and puts forward some thoughts.