基于卡尔曼滤波的称重蒸发仪的设计与实现

Design and Implementation of Weighing Evaporator Based on Kalman Filter

蒸发量的测量,目前气象和水利等业务应用上较为广泛的是蒸发皿人工观测,人工观测蒸发数据操作过程复杂要求严格,且每日只能记录一个数据且受降水(雨、雪、冰雹)等气象因素影响较大。基于上述,该文设计研制了一种全自动称重式蒸发仪,2022年9月至10月连续40天无降水期间通过与气象站蒸发皿人工观测数据比对,利用卡尔曼滤波原理进行了初步数据质量控制。结果表明,40天蒸发皿人工测量值累计蒸发量为182.4 mm,蒸发仪测量值累计蒸发量为179.9 mm,蒸发仪测量值经卡尔曼滤波后的累计蒸发量为182.1 mm;蒸发仪测量值经卡尔曼滤波后与人工观测相比,日蒸发量差值40天累计为6.3 mm,日蒸发量平均误差为3.65%,40天累计蒸发量误差为0.20%,数据质量有较为明显的提高。该文对仪器设计应用的探索可为蒸发量测量提供新的思路和技术参考。

For the measurement of evaporation,at present,manual observation of evaporation pan is widely used in meteorological,water conservancy and other business applications.The operation process of manual observation of evaporation data is complex and strict,and only one data can be recorded every day,which is greatly affected by meteorological factors such as precipitation(rain,snow,hail).Based on the above,this paper designed and developed a full-automatic weighing evaporator.During the period of 40 consecutive days of no precipitation from September to October 2022,the preliminary data quality control was carried out by using the Kalman filtering principle through comparison with the artificial observation data of the evaporation pan at the meteorological station.The results show that the accumulated evaporation of the artificial measured value of the evaporating dish in 40 days is 182.4 mm,the accumulated evaporation of the measured value of the vaporizer is 179.9 mm,and the accumulated evaporation of the measured value of the vaporizer after Kalman filtering is 182.1 mm.Compared with manual observation,the difference of daily evaporation measured by the evaporimeter after Kalman filtering is 6.3 mm in 40 days,the average error of daily evaporation is 3.65%,and the error of cumulative evaporation in 40 days is 0.20%.The data quality has been significantly improved.The exploration of instrument design and application in this paper can provide new ideas and technical references for evaporation measurement.