德国应用科学大学改革路径研究与启示

On the Reform and Enlightenment of German Universities of Applied Sciences

近年来随着全球化进程的加快,作为德国高等教育体系的两大重要组成部分,应用科学大学与综合性大学的界限已经开始模糊。追求特色发展还是趋同化融合,这是德国应用科学大学面临的机遇与挑战。本文通过回顾德国应用科学大学的历史沿革,就组织架构、教育教学、科研应用、法律地位等方面对比分析了德国应用科学大学与综合性大学的办学模式,基于职业教育数字化、学术化、国际化、市场化四个维度进行分析,探析了当前德国应用科学大学的痛点所在及改革路径,并针对应用型高校的进化转型与发展思路提供对策建议。

In recent years,with the acceleration of globalization,as two important components of the German higher education system,the boundaries between universities of applied sciences(UAS)and universities(UNI)have begun to blur.Pursuing typical featured development or convergence along with UNI are the opportunities and challenges faced by German universities of applied sciences.By re-viewing the historical evolution of the German universities of applied sciences,this paper compares and analyzes the school-running model of the German universities of applied sciences and universities in terms of organizational structure,education and teaching,scientific research application,and legal status.Based on the four dimensions of vocational education(digitalization,academicization,interna-tionalization,and marketization)analysis,the current dilemma and reform of German universities of applied sciences are analyzed and countermeasures and suggestions for the evolution,transformation and development of applied universities are provided.