检察院撤回起诉的法理探讨与制度重建

A Discussion of the Procuratorate’s Withdrawal of Prosecution System

我国现行刑事诉讼法尚未对检察院撤回起诉制度予以明确规定,但司法实践中该制度仍在运行。由于撤回起诉制度法律规定不明确,监督审查程序运行不畅等原因,导致撤回起诉制度功能变异,在实践中出现的撤诉随意化、撤诉申请限度无限制、以撤诉代替无罪判决等失范现象,致使检察院撤回起诉制度不能发挥其节约司法资源、保障人权的应有价值功能。为了规范检察院撤回起诉,应当从制度理论出发,追溯问题根源所在,明确检察院具有相应的撤回起诉裁量权,规范撤回起诉申请阶段及次数限制,落实被告人救济权利。同时,应当从构建撤回起诉制度统一立法化,健全“司法必要审查”监督及再审救济程序方面对检察院撤回起诉制度进行完善,以此真正发挥检察院撤回起诉制度的功能和价值。

The system of withdrawal of prosecution by procuratorate is still in operation in judicial practice without clear legal provision by China’s current criminal procedure law,resulting in functional variations of the withdrawal of prosecution system.In practice,there have been irregularities in withdrawing prosecutions such as arbitrariness in withdrawing prosecutions,unlimited restrictions on the number of applications for withdrawal of prosecutions and the use of withdrawal of prosecutions instead of acquittals,so that the system cannot play its due value function of saving judicial resources and protecting human rights.In order to regulate the withdrawal of prosecution by procuratorate,it is necessary to trace the root of the problem from the institutional theory,clarify its discretionary power,regulate the stages and frequency limit of application for withdrawal of prosecution and implement the defendant’s right to relief.At the same time,the system for procuratorate’s withdrawing prosecutions should be improved in terms of establishment of a system for withdrawing indictments,and enhancement of the supervision of“judicial necessary review”and retrial relief procedures so as to truly play the function and value of the system.