灾后救援生命探测仪的现状和发展趋势

The current status and development trend of post-disaster rescue life detectors

生命探测仪作为灾后及时救援的一种设备,在定位、探索与搜寻生命体方面发挥着不可替代的作用。分析了目前所使用的生命探测仪即雷达生命探测仪、音频生命探测仪、红外生命探测仪及其他种类生命探测仪的工作原理、技术特点、使用场景及优缺点,并结合实际应用指出上述生命探测仪存在的问题:①探测技术单一,综合集成化不高。②探测方式传统、设备智能化程度不足。③探测仪零件未统型,设备维修困难。④部分生命探测仪体积较大,携带不便,影响救援效率。针对现有的不足和问题,提出生命探测仪的发展趋势:①提高生命探测仪的集成程度,设计使用采集信息的多源化融合的生命探测装置,使用多种信息源来进行生命信息的获取探测。②提高生命探测仪的智能化水平,赋予生命探测仪部分自主决策权,降低由于操作人员操作不当导致的生命探测误差。③设计模块化的生命探测仪,并制定相关的标准规程,对同种生命探测仪的零件进行统型,降低生命探测仪的维修和保养难度。④提高生命探测仪的电路板设计精度,充分利用空间构造,在不缩减生命探测仪功能情况下减小体积,提高便携性。

As a device for timely rescue after disasters,life detectors play an irreplaceable role in locating,exploring,and searching for living organisms.This paper analyzes the working principles,technical features,usage scenarios,advantages and disadvantages of the currently used life detectors.The detectors include radar life detectors,audio life detectors,infrared life detectors,and other types of life detectors.Combined with practical applications,this paper points out the problems of the above life detectors.①The detection technology is single and the comprehensive integration is low.②The detection methods are traditional and equipment intelligence is insufficient.③The parts of the detector are not standardized,making equipment maintenance difficult.④Some life detectors have a relatively large structure and are inconvenient to carry,which affects rescue efficiency.In response to the existing shortcomings and problems,the development trends of life detectors are proposed.①It is suggested to improve the integration level of life detectors.It is suggested to design life detection devices that use multi-source fusion to collect information,and use multiple information sources to obtain and detect life information.②It is suggested to improve the intelligence level of life detectors,give them partial autonomy in decision-making,and reduce errors in life detection caused by improper operation by operators.③It is suggested to design modular life detectors and develop relevant standard procedures to standardize the components of the same type of life detector.It will reduce the difficulty of repair and maintenance of life detectors.④It is suggested to improve the circuit board design precision of the life detector,fully utilize spatial structure,reduce volume and improve portability without reducing the functionality of the life detector.