中国纺织服装行业绿色标准比较分析

Analysis of green standards of China's textile and garment industry

为系统解析中国纺织服装行业的绿色标准,对现行的相关绿色标准进行了统计归类、绿色评价指标梳理和绿色指标限值比对,结果表明:现行的纺织服装行业绿色标准包括3种限制类标准(取水定额、水污染物排放限额、能耗限额)和5种鼓励类标准(节水型企业评价、绿色工厂评价、绿色生态类产品评价、绿色园区评价和绿色供应链评价);前四类标准的评价指标只针对某一方面绿色性能设定要求,后四类标准则为取水量、能耗、污染物排放等多维度指标综合评价;在单位产品取水量限额、单位产品废水排放量限额方面,取水定额标准和水污染物排放限额标准要求最低;在单位产品能耗限额方面,能耗限额标准、绿色工厂评价标准、绿色生态类产品评价标准对于同类产品的限额值差距较小。

In order to enhance the green development of the textile and garment industry and play a leading and standardizing role in the green development of the industry,China has successively formulated,issued and implemented a series of standards such as norms of water intake,discharge standards of water pollutants,norms of energy consumption,water-saving enterprise evaluation standards,the green factory evaluation standards and green-ecological product evaluation standards.In order to systematically analyze the green standards of China's textile and garment industry,we statistically categorized the existing relevant green standards,sorted out the green evaluation indexes and compared the green index limits by the idea of classification analysis.The green standards of textile and garment industry are divided into four levels which are product level,enterprise level,park level and supply chain level.The four levels include eight types of standards:the norm of water intake,the discharge standard of water pollutants,the norm of energy consumption,the water-saving enterprise evaluation standard,the green factory evaluation standard,the green-ecological product evaluation standard,the green industrial park evaluation standard and the green supply chain evaluation standard.We systematically sorted and compared the eight categories of green standards from the aspects of their scope of application,quantity distribution and similarities and differences of green quota,which provides reference for green production,green product evaluation,formulation and revision of green standards of textile and garment enterprises.The results show that the current green standards of the textile and garment industry are divided into restricted standards(norms of water intake,discharge standards of water pollutants,norms of energy consumption)and encouraging standards(water-saving enterprise evaluation standards,green factory evaluation standards,green-ecological product evaluation standards,green industrial park standards and green supply chain evaluation standards).The evaluation indexes in the first four categories of standards only set requirements for a certain aspect of green performance,while the latter four categories of standards are based on the multi-dimensional comprehensive evaluation of water withdrawal,energy consumption,pollutant emission and other indicators.In terms of the norm of water intake and wastewater discharge limit per unit of product,the standards for the norm of water intake and discharge standards of water pollutants have the minimum requirements in relevant standards.In terms of energy consumption limit per unit product,there is a small gap in the limit value among the norms of energy consumption,green factory evaluation standards and green-ecological product evaluation standards for similar products.In order to better play the supporting role of green standards for the green and high-quality development of the textile and garment industry,we should update the emission quota of water pollutants in the current green standards in a timely manner taking into account the current state of industry production.The energy consumption quota indicators can be refined according to the industry category,and the mandatory standards and upper limit of energy consumption quota indicators can be set according to the product category.Encouraging limits for product categories are set in the recommended standards such as green factory evaluation standards,green park evaluation standards and green supply chain evaluation standards to guide textile and garment enterprises to conduct green and low-carbon production.