清代长治地区的森林变迁研究

A Study of Forest Change in Changzhi Area During the Qing Dynasty

长治地区地处黄土高原区东南部,先秦时期森林茂密,进入明清时期,逐渐失去昔日草木茂盛景象。以长治地区地方志等历史文献为依据,通过历史文献考证法和图表法,尝试复原清代该地区的森林概况及其变化过程。相关资料表明,清代长治地区森林日益减少,生态环境也愈加恶化。清朝前期森林植被还比较丰富,清中叶经过康雍乾时期人口大规模增长,一些地区的森林已然消失,到了晚清,森林覆盖状况更是糟糕,仅有山区森林得以保存。充分表明,人口的增长是清代长治地区森林变迁的原动力。

Changzhi area is located in the southeastern Loess Plateau area,which had dense forests in the Pre-Qin period,but gradually lost this scenery of lush growth of trees and grass in the Ming and Qing dynasties.Based on the historical materials such as local chronicles from Changzhi area,we attempt to rebuild the forest profile and its changing process in the Qing dynasty by using historical literature research method and the graphical method.According to the relevant literature,the forests there were decreasing and the ecological environment was deteriorating in the Qing dynasty.In the early Qing dynasty,the forest vegetation was still relatively rich,but by the middle of the Qing dynasty,after the large-scale population growth during the reigns of Emperor Kangxi,Yongzheng and Qianlong,the forests in some areas had already disappeared,and by the late Qing dynasty,the forest coverage was even worse that only the forests in the mountainous areas remained.This shows that population growth was the main driving force of forest change in Changzhi Area throughout the Qing dynasty.