马克思主义考古学家戈登·柴尔德

Marxist Archaeologist Gordon Childe

“马克思主义基本原理如何指导中国考古学的学科研究”,是近年来学界在理论层面关注的重要问题。维尔·戈登·柴尔德(VERE GORDON CHILDE)作为开创20世纪西方文化历史考古学范式的重要学者,他的另一层身份则是一位马克思主义理论家。在他的职业生涯中,曾吸收马克思主义经典著作的观点和苏联考古学的方法,并将其运用到考古学文化变迁与史前社会发展的研究中去。在1925至1935年间,在考古学的研究中,他的唯物辩证法的观点尚未成形。1935年至二战结束前后,柴尔德由原本的史前经济研究开始逐渐转向马克思主义研究。在他生命最后的20年里,柴尔德开启了一场在马克思主义理论与考古资料之间高度建设性的对话,形成了他独特的考古学思想。

It has been an important theoretical concern in recent years that how the basic principles of Marxism can guide the disciplinary research of Chinese archaeology.Vere Gordon Childe,an important scholar who pioneered the paradigm of Western cultural and historical archaeology in the 20th century,was a Marxist theorist at the same time.Throughout his career,he had absorbed the ideas of the classical Marxist writings and Soviet archaeological methods and applied them to the study of cultural change and the development of prehistoric societies in archaeology.His materialist-dialectical views were not yet developed in archaeological research between 1925 and 1935.Between 1935 and the end of World War II,Child gradually shifted from his prehistoric economic studies to Marxist studies.In the last two decades of his life,Child initiated a highly constructive dialogue between Marxist theory and archaeological data,resulting in his unique archaeological thought.