心灵的奇景化——论俄国形式主义“奇特化”诗学观形成的心理机制

Wonders of the Mind——On the Psychological Mechanism of the Formation of the“Defamiliarization”Poetics View of Russian Formalism

俄国形式主义认为文学的特质在于形式与语言的奇特化。通过探寻奇特化语言所生成的心理机制,即心灵的奇景化,发现文学创造的奥秘,其不在于反映生活,而在于通过生活来激发内心深处那不可言说的潜意识。潜意识在世界中没有完全客观对应物,只是心灵与生活的组合,奇景由此得以生成。奇景生成的过程也即是心灵对现实进行语言、形式的重组、再造过程。从心灵的奇景化出发,能够克服“为艺术而艺术”的审美偏颇。

Russian formalism believes that the feature of literature lies in the defamiliarization of form and language.By exploring the psychological mechanism of the defamiliarization of language,i.e.,wonders of the mind,the mystery of literary creation is discovered,which lies not in reflecting life,but in stimulating the unspeakable subconsciousness in the heart through life.The subconscious has no completely objective counterpart in the world,but is only a combination of mind and life,and thus wonders are created.The process of wonder generation is also the process of language and form reorganization and reconstruction of reality by the mind.We can overcome the aesthetic bias of“art for art’s sake”from the perspective of wonders of the mind.