东汉官吏诈病现象研究

Study on Malingering of Officials in the Eastern Han Dynasty

东汉时期官吏们出于政治、伦理道德、人际关系等原因而选择诈病。诈病期间,官吏们拥有一种“病人”身份,在行政程序上,他们能够合理地拒绝进入、退出官僚队伍。但“病人”身份被人识破的官吏,可能因此遭到惩处。对多数诈病的官吏而言,“患病”是其进行政治博弈的筹码。借助“患病”,部分诈病的官吏可以传递出难以明言的政治隐意,隐晦地表露个人期望。官吏诈病是东汉政治文化的一个重要侧面。诈病是政治生活中的一种策略,它是否被运用,取决于官吏的个人需求。

In the Eastern Han Dynasty,malingering of officials was mainly due to political,ethical and interpersonal reasons.To shun responsibilities and duties by malingering,officials acquired a“patient”status,in which they could reasonably refuse to enter or exit the bureaucracy in accordance with administrative procedures.However,those officials whose falsified identity as“patients”was discovered would be subject to punishment.For most malingering officials,“illness”was a bargaining chip in the political game.Under the pretext of“illness”,some malingering officials could convey the political implicature that was not meant to be stated baldly,which would nonetheless help implicitly vent their personal expectations.Malingering was an important aspect of the political culture of the Eastern Han Dynasty.Put simply,malingering is a tactic in political life,and its acceptance depends on the individual needs of the malingerer.