电商下乡如何影响城乡居民收入差距

How E-Commerce in Rural Areas Affects the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Areas

基于2011—2020年中国县级层面的面板数据,以电子商务进农村综合示范政策作为农村电子商务发展的代理变量,采用PSM-DID方法考察农村电子商务发展对城乡居民收入差距的影响,研究发现:农村电子商务显著缩小了城乡居民收入差距,且这一作用主要通过增加农民收入、促进产业结构合理化、提高农业专业化生产水平等路径实现;农村电子商务缩小城乡居民收入差距的效果主要体现在东部、中部和东北地区,而在西部地区农村电子商务对城乡居民收入差距的缩小效果并不明显;农村电子商务在数字普惠金融发展水平较高和互联网发展水平较高的县域中,对城乡居民收入差距的缩小效果更为突出。基于此,建议因地制宜制定农村电商发展优惠政策,重视农村电商经营主体培育,完善农村金融与数字设施支撑服务,利用电子商务助力城乡共同富裕。

Based on the panel data at the county level in China from 2011 to 2020,the PSM-DID method was used to examine the effect of rural e-commerce development on the urban-rural income gap,using the comprehensive demonstration policy of e-commerce in rural areas as a proxy variable for rural e-commerce development.It is found that:rural e-commerce significantly reduces the urban-rural income gap,and this effect is mainly realized through the paths of increasing farmers’income,promoting the rationalization of industrial structure,and improving the level of specialized agricultural production;the effect of rural e-commerce in reducing the urban-rural income gap is mainly reflected in the eastern,central and northeastern regions,while the effect of the policy on reducing the urban-rural income gap is not obvious in the western region rural areas;and the effect of e-commerce on narrowing the urban-rural income gap is more prominent in counties with higher levels of digital financial inclusion development and higher levels of Internet development.Based on this,it is suggested that preferential policies for rural e-commerce development should be formulated according to local conditions,attention should be paid to the cultivation of rural e-commerce business entities,rural financial and digital facilities support services should be improved,and e-commerce should be used to help urban and rural areas achieve common prosperity.