金代富民阶层的构成及其社会作用

Analysis of the Composition of the Rich Class in the Jin Dynasty and Its Role in Society

富民阶层作为唐宋以来中国社会内部新兴的社会阶层,对中国古代社会产生了广泛而巨大的影响,对金代也是一样。金代的富民阶层,主要由从事农业活动的中小地主,有一定资产的自耕农、士人阶层,从事商业活动的市民、手工业者、僧侣集团、吏员集团中有一定经济实力者构成。金代富民阶层在政治上积极参与社会控制,主要是对乡村社会的控制,在经济上作为国家赋税徭役的主要承担者,在文化上作为兴教化民的大力践行者,在救灾济困方面作为稳定社会秩序的中坚力量,促进了金代政治、经济、文化、社会等各方面的发展,对金代政治和社会的稳定发挥着重要的作用。

As a new social stratum in Chinese society since the Tang and Song Dynasties,the rich class has attracted the attention of the academic circles and has had a wide and huge impact on ancient Chinese soci-ety,as well as the Jin Dynasty.The rich class in the Jin Dynasty was mainly composed of small and medium-sized landlords engaged in agricultural activities,certain assets of farmers,scholars,citizens engaged in commer-cial activities,handicrafts,as well as monks,officials have a certain economic strength of the group.In the Jin Dynasty,the rich people took an active part in the social control of the countryside,were the main undertaker of the national tax and Corvee in economy,were the strong practitioners of the education and the people in culture,and were the backbone of the social order in disaster relief,it promoted the political,economic,cultural and so-cial development of the Jin Dynasty,and played an important role in the political and social stability of the Jin Dynasty.