右翼集团的打压与市民阶层的立场转变——德国十一月革命的历史教训

The Suppression of Right-Wing Groups and the Change of the Stance of the Burghers Class-The Historical Lessons from the November Revolution in Germany

1918年爆发的十一月革命,是德国无产阶级探索民族未来的伟大尝试,但部分信仰不坚定的社会民主党人逐渐背离无产阶级,投靠容克资产阶级和反动军队,严重削弱了无产阶级的革命力量。左派则对群众革命热情的转变缺乏认知,未能及时照顾到广大市民阶层亟需社会安稳的意愿,一味坚持无产阶级暴力革命的斗争道路,致使革命事业失去群众的拥护,遭到德国人的普遍排斥。德国人对俄国的戒备心理和契卡的清算活动给共产主义事业带来了负面声誉,加深了德国市民阶层对红色革命的误解,让广大市民阶层怀疑境内发生的无产阶级革命运动,并最终导致德国人对共产主义事业的误解背离。

The November Revolution in 1918 was a great attempt by the German proletariat to explore the future of the nation.However,some social democrats who did not have firm faith gradually deviated from the proletariat and took the side of the Juncker bourgeoisie and the reactionary army.The Betrayal has seriously weakened the revo-lutionary power of the proletariat.The enthusiasm of the mass revolution has changed,however,the leftist lacks awareness of this fact and fails to take into account the desire of the general public class to urgently need social stability.The leftists insisted on the path of struggle of proletarian violent revolution,resulting in the loss of the support of the masses for the revolution and led to the general exclusion of the revolution by the Germans.The German vigilance against Russia and the liquidation activities of Cheka have brought a negative reputation to the communism.These two reasons deepened the misunderstanding of the German civil class about the Red Revolution,made the general Burghers class suspect the proletarian revolutionary movement that took place in Germany,and finally led to the misunderstanding and deviation of the German people about the communism.