我国战略性矿产资源保供形势分析与思考

Analysis and reflection on the situation of strategic mineral resources conservation in China

矿产资源是一个国家经济发展的重要物质保障。进入21世纪后,矿产资源的争夺已经成为各国博弈的重中之重。当前,以美国、欧盟、日本为代表的发达国家,相继提出了各自发展矿产资源的政策。面对日趋复杂的国际形势和外部市场环境,我国立足现实国情,结合经济社会发展紧迫需求,从维护国家安全和经济可持续发展的高度出发,提出战略性矿产资源概念。通过梳理我国战略性矿产资源供应面临的主要风险,认为空间分布不均衡、对外依存度长期居高不下、进口来源相对集中、极端情况下难以保障最低需求等问题亟需解决。此外,国内找矿投资幅度下降、海外找矿遭遇到多重困难、循环利用不足等问题,日益成为制约我国社会经济高质量发展的主要短板。据此提出统筹规划战略体系、通过找矿行动增储上产、加大科技攻关、实施产能产地产品“三位一体”储备常态化,探索优势矿产出口与紧缺矿产进口的关联模式,加快布局战略性矿产循环利用,着力打造自主可控的战略性矿产资源供应体系。

Mineral resources are the important material guarantee for a country’s economic development.After entering the 21st century,the struggle for mineral resources has become the top priority of national games.Currently,the United States,the European Union,Japan,represented by the developed countries,have put forward their own series of policies for the development of mineral resources.Facing the increasingly complex international situation and external market environment,China,based on the real situation,combined with the urgent needs of economic and social development,puts forward the concept of strategic mineral resources from the height of maintaining national security and sustainable economic development.Sorts out the main risks facing the supply of strategic mineral resources in China.It is argued that problems such as uneven spatial distribution,persistently high foreign-trade dependence,relatively concentrated import sources,and difficulty in securing minimum demand under extreme circumstances need urgent attention to solve.In addition,problems such as declining domestic investment in mineral search,slow progress in overseas mineral search,and insufficient recycling are increasingly becoming the main shortcomings limiting the high-quality socio-economic development of China.Accordingly,puts forward the suggested measures to make efforts to build an independent and controllable strategic mineral resources supply system by coordinating the strategic planning system,exploring joint scientific research,strengthening exploration and development,promoting overseas investment,and implementing the normalization of reserves.