自然崩落法岩体可崩性研究现状与展望

Research status and prospect of cavability in block caving mining

随着我国经济的迅速发展,铜原料的供需矛盾日益突出,为解决这一矛盾,开采低品位大型铜矿床成为了有效措施之一。在众多地下金属矿床采矿方法中,自然崩落法是一种生产规模大、开采成本低、生产效率高的采矿方法,但也是开采技术难度较大且较难实施的采矿工艺之一,需在矿山可行性研究阶段针对岩体可崩性进行大量的研究工作。围绕可崩性从评判方法、岩体自然崩落尺寸等方面开展了研究现状的文献综述,得出降低可崩性等级评判过程中的主观性、综合考虑可崩性影响因素间的相互作用关系以及构建可崩性空间分布模型是可崩性评价的关键,指出可崩性评价的发展趋势是构建可崩性评价体系(由可崩性综合评判、可崩性空间分布模型以及岩体自然崩落尺寸预测组成),并提出了可崩性评价体系的框架及基本评价流程。研究结果对拟采用自然崩落法矿山的岩体可崩性评价具有较高参考价值和指引作用。

With the rapid development of China’s economy,the contradiction between the supply and demand of copper raw materials has become increasingly prominent.In order to solve this contradiction,an effective measure is to mine low-grade and large copper deposits.Among the many underground metal deposit mining methods,block caving mining is a large-scale,low-cost,and high-efficiency mining method.It is also one of the mining methods with high mining technology content and difficult to implement.A lot of research work on cavability should be carried out in the feasibility study stage.The literature review is carried out on the assessment of cavability and the prediction of caving size.It is concluded that the keys of cavability assessment are to reduce the subjectivity in the assessment process,consider the interaction between the influencing factors of cavability,and build a spatial distribution model of cavability.It is pointed out that the development trend of cavability is the construction of cavability assessment system,which are composed of the comprehensive evaluation,spatial distribution model of cavability,and prediction of caving size.And the framework and basic assessment process are put forward on the cavability assessment system.The research results have high reference value and guidance for the cavability assessment in the mine that intends to adopt block caving mining.