复合肥深施对花生生理和氮素吸收及产量与品质的影响

Effects of Compound Fertilizer Deep Application on Physiology,Nitrogen Uptake,Yield and Quality of Peanut

本试验探究不同施肥深度对花生生理特性和氮素吸收及产量与品质的影响,为花生机械化施肥设置合理施肥深度提供理论支持。采用大田栽培方式,设置施肥深度分别为0、5、10、15、20、25 cm,以不施肥作为对照,在花生苗期、花针期、结荚期、成熟期取样测定叶片抗氧化酶活性、营养器官氮素积累量、植株形态特征、产量及品质等指标。结果显示,除苗期外叶片POD、CAT活性随施肥深度增加呈先增后减的规律,深施15 cm能显著增加花针期和成熟期主茎高、侧枝长、总分枝数、主根长、叶面积指数和干物质量,提高成熟期饱果率、百仁质量、油酸含量及花生营养器官对氮素的积累,提高了整株氮素吸收效率,花生荚果产量和籽粒品质有所提高。试验得出深施15 cm为花生最佳施肥深度。

This experiment explored the effect of different fertilization depths on the physiological characteristics,nitrogen absorption,yield and quality of peanut.The purpose was to provide theoretical support for setting reasonable fertilization depths for peanut mechanized fertilization.The experiment adopted field cultivation method and randomized block de-sign.Set different fertilization depths to 0,5,10,15,20,25 cm respectively with no fertilization as the control.The leaf an-tioxidant enzyme activity,nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs,plant morphological characteristics,yield and quality were measured at seedling stage,flower needle stage,podding stage and maturity stage of peanut.The results showed that the activities of POD and CAT in leaves increased at first and then decreased with the increase of fertilization depth except at the seedling stage.Deep application of 15 cm could significantly increase the main stem height,lateral branch length,to-tal branch number,main root length,leaf area index,dry matter weight at flowering needle stage and mature stage.Improve percent of plump,100-kernel weight,oleic acid content at mature stage of peanut.The nitrogen accumulation vegetative or-gans,nitrogen uptake efficiency of whole plant,pod yield and grain quality of peanut were improved.The experiment showed that deep application of 15 cm was the best fertilization depth for peanut.