宁夏灌区水稻测土配方施肥肥料利用率研究

Study on Fertilizer Utilization Rate of Rice Soil Testing Formula Fertilization in Ningxia Irrigation Area

肥料利用率是评价施肥是否科学的指标之一。提高肥料利用率,减少化肥过量施用,发挥化肥肥效是当前我国农业生产的重要课题。本文以水稻品种富源4号为试验材料,研究宁夏灌区水稻测土配方施肥肥料利用率。结果表明:在本试验条件下,氮肥对水稻产量影响最大,无氮处理植株弱小,颜色发黄,病害严重;施用纯N 270 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)138 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 75 kg/hm^(2),氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别为25.78%、7.07%、36.80%,以磷肥利用率最低。建议增施有机肥或磷肥与有机肥的掺混肥,以提高磷肥有效利用率。

Fertilizer utilization rate is one of the indicators for evaluating whether fertilization is scientific.Improving fertilizer utilization rate,reducing excessive fertilizer application,and maximizing fertilizer efficiency are important issues in current agricultural production in China.This paper used rice variety Fuyuan 4 as the experimental material,the fertilizer utilization rate of soil testing formula fertilization for rice in Ningxia irrigation area was studied.The results showed that under the conditions of this experiment,nitrogen fertilizer had the greatest impact on rice yield,rice plants under nitrogen free treatment were weak and small,with yellow color and severe diseases;applying pure N 270 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)138 kg/hm^(2),and K_(2)O 75 kg/hm^(2) resulted in nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer utilization rates of 25.78%,7.07%,and 36.80%,respectively,and phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate was the lowest.It is advisable to increase the application of organic fertilizer or a mixture of phosphorus and organic fertilizer to improve the effective utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer.