东汉官文书文字所见古文字形体研究——以《长沙五一广场东汉简牍》(壹)(贰)(叁)为调查对象

A Study on the Forms of Ancient Chinese Characters in Official Script of the Eastern Han Dynasty:Taking The Eastern Han Bamboo Slips unearthed on Changsha Wuyi Square(1)(2)(3)as the Object

文章以《长沙五一广场东汉简牍》(壹)(贰)(叁)为样本,穷尽性地调查了其中古文字形体的分布状况,对样本材料中隶古定字的历史来源进行追溯。样本材料所见含有古文字因素的构件可分为半篆半隶构件与隶古定构件,均以表义构件为主,除少数构件表现出较强的参构能力外,其余古文构件参构能力都较弱,古文构件参构字形占异体字样总数的13.7%。古文构件与古文形体只是大致相合,不存在严格对应性隶定形体,且总体朝解体方向发展,此过程中会造成点画增繁的异写字与换用构件的异构字。与同时期的东汉碑隶相比,手写简牍文字残留的古文形体更少,是更成熟的今文字,更能代表东汉时期人们真实自然的书写状态。

The article takes The Eastern Han Bamboo Slips unearthed on Changsha Wuyi Square(1)(2)(3)as the sample,exhaustively investigates the distribution of ancient script forms,and traces the historical source of Li Gu Ding characters in the sample materials.The components containing ancient script elements seen in the sample materials can be divided into semi-Zhuan and Semi-Li components and Li Gu Ding components,both of which are mainly semantic components.In addition to a few components showing strong ability of reference construction,the other components are weak,and the constitutive characters of ancient Chinese characters account for 13.7% of the total number of allogeneic characters.The ancient character components and ancient character forms are only roughly consistent,and,there is no strict correspondence of the fixed forms,and the general development in the direction of disintegration.This process will lead to the rising of variant Chinese character which formed by adding strokes and heterogeneous Chinese character which formed by changing components.Compared with the Li characters if the Eastern Han Dynasty tablets in the same period,the handwritten bamboo slips are more mature and can better represent people's real and nature writing conditions in the Eastern Han Dynasty.