从“自救”看“自V”的施受不一致性

From the"Zi(自)-save"to Explore the Inconsistency between the Agent and the Patient of"Zi(自)-V"

“自救”一词在现代汉语中只有“自己救自己”这一义项,但在传世文献中,“自救”存在施受不一致的情况。动宾结构的“自救”属于宾语前置,常用来表示“请他人救自己”。状中结构“自救”的“自”常用作副词,表示“亲自”“自然”“当然”等。研究“自救”施受不一致的情况,并延伸到其他“自V”式结构,发现施受不一致现象多存在于兼语句里。这对正确释读古籍,厘清施受关系有重要作用。

The word"Zi(自)-save"in modern Chinese only has the meaning of"save-oneself".However,the term"Zi(自)-save"has also been inconsistent in history."Zi(自)-save"in verb-object structure belongs to the object front,often used to mean"ask others to save themselves".The word"Zi(自)"in"Zi(自)-save"in Adverbial and central structure is often used as an adverb,which means"personally","naturally","of course",etc.This paper studies the evolution of the agent and the patient inconsistency of"Zi(自)-save"and extends it to other"Zi(自)-V"structures,and finds that the agent and the patient inconsistency mostly exists in the concurrent statement.It plays an important role in correctly interpreting ancient books and clarifying the relationship of agent and the patient.