固体氧化物燃料电池电解质发展现状

The Development Status of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrolyte

将固体氧化物燃料电池(solid oxide fuel cell,SOFC)的工作温度降低到600~800℃的中温甚至600℃以下的低温区域,是固体氧化物燃料电池未来发展的重要方向。开发在低温下具有高离子电导率的电解质对其发展起着重要作用,而传统的三层电解质在结构上有着不可避免的弊端,只通过电解质材料的开发无法从根本上解决电解质与阴极、阳极之间的界面对固体氧化物燃料电池的性能影响。针对这个问题,研究者们通过对固体氧化物燃料电池结构以及功能层材料的设计,开发出了新型无电解质燃料电池(electrolyte free fuel cell,EFFC)。概述了以氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)、掺杂CeO_(2)、掺杂LaGaO_(3)等作为电解质的传统三层SOFC电解质的发展历程,并简述了先进薄膜制备技术(电泳沉积、磁控溅射、大气等离子喷涂、超音速火焰喷涂等)在制备SOFC电解质层中的应用,重点综述了通过能带理论设计的新型EFFC的研究进展,并对采用能带理论及其性质设计的具有电子传导特性的材料作为功能层使用的前景进行了展望。

Reducing the working temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)to a intermediate temperature of 600~800℃,or even a low-temperature region below 600℃,is an important direction for the future development of solid oxide fuel cells.The development of electrolytes with high ionic conductivity at low temperatures plays an important role in its development,while the traditional three-layer electrolyte has inevitable drawbacks in structure.Merely designing electrolyte materials cannot fundamentally solve the effect of the interface between the solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte and the cathode and anode on the performance of the fuel cell.In response to this problem,researchers have developed a new type of electrolyte free fuel cell(EFFC)through the design of solid oxide fuel cell structure and functional layer materials.This paper outlines the development history of traditional three-layer solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes using yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ),doped ceria,and doped LaGaO_(3) as electrolytes,and briefly describes the use of advanced thin film preparation technologies(electrophoretic deposition,magnetron sputtering,atmospheric plasma spraying,high velocity oxygen fuel flame(HVOF)spraying,etc.)in the preparation of solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte layers.The focus is on the research progress of a new type of electrolyte free fuel cell(EFFC)designed by the energy band theory,and the prospects of using energy band theory and its properties to design materials with electronic conduction characteristics as functional layers are prospected.