运动能力标准化评价的研究——基于NBA选秀测试成绩标准分数及TSA的分析

Research on Standardized Evaluation of Athleticism——An Analysis Based on Standard Score and Total Score of Athleticism of NBA Draft Combine Results

目的:旨在探索标准分数及运动能力总分(total score of athleticism,TSA)在运动能力评价中的有效性。方法:以2000—2022年参加美国职业篮球联赛选秀综合测试(National Basketbal Association Draft Combine,NBA DC)球员的标准分数(Z分数)及TSA为研究对象,运用数理统计法对其特征进行研究与分析,深入探究其有效性和可靠性。结果:入选球员与落选球员的TSA得分(Z=-3.633,P<0.01)及排名(Z=5.638,P<0.01)差异较大,TSA得分(τ=-0.083,P<0.01)及排名(τ=0.130,P<0.01)与选秀结果的相关性存在统计学意义,表明TSA可有效划分入选组与落选组的体能水平;不同位置球员的TSA(H=153.11,P<0.01)存在显著差异,表明TSA能识别不同位置球员运动能力的表现特征。结论:标准分数及TSA是进行大样本运动员运动能力横向比较的有效工具,可有效用于竞技运动员的选拔与选材。借助标准分数和TSA构建系统的测试评价体系,可以为运动员体能测试及不同项目的选材体系建立有效的参考标准。

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of standard score and total score of athleticism in physcial fitness assessment.Methods:The standard score(Z-score)and TSA of players who participated in the National Basketball Association Draft Combine(NBA DC)from 2000 to 2022 were studied and analyzed using mathematical statistics to investigate their effectiveness and reliability.Results:The TSA score(Z=-3.633,P<0.01)and ranking(Z=5.638,P<0.01)between drafted and undrafted players differed significantly,and the correlation among TSA scores(τ=-0.083,P<0.01),rankings(τ=0.130,P<0.01),and draft results was statistically significant,indicating that TSA can effectively classify the physical fitness level of the drafted and undrafted groups.The TSA(H=153.11,P<0.01)of players at different positions differed significantly,indicating that TSA can identify the characteristics of athletic performance of players at different positions.Conclusions:Standard score(Z-score)and TSA are effective tools for horizontal comparisons of athleticism in large samples of athletes and can be used effectively in the talent identification of competitive athletes.With the help of standard scores and TSA to build a systematic test and evaluation system,an effective reference standard can be established for athletes’physical fitness tests and talent identification for different sports.