隧道错视觉现象对行车安全影响研究

Impact of Optical Illusion Sight Distance on Driving Safety in Road Tunnels

隧道是道路系统的咽喉所在,由于其所处环境的封闭性,线形设计对驾驶员行车安全的影响更为显著。观察发现,在隧道平面直圆点或纵向变坡点前,驾驶员最长视线处行程后方会出现图像前移的错觉,形成一种错视觉“墙”现象,极易导致驾驶员出现视距不足的误判,并采取减速行为,从而导致前后车因速度差而造成的追尾事故。通过对错视觉现象造成的错视觉距离进行定义和分析,建立错视距离评价模型,提出针对内缘石半径、速度管控等一系列改善措施。结果表明,曲线转角小于30°的隧道,应以内缘石半径、错视距离为约束条件进行平面设计,避免错视觉现象对行车安全的影响。

Tunnels are the throat of road system.Due to the closed nature of tunnels,the alignment design has a more significant impact on the driver's driving safety compared with open road.This study has found that,drivers are more likely to feel a visual illusion when they getting close to the curving area,which creates a so-called‘wall’phenomenon.This kind of phenomenon is easy to cause drivers to have misjudgments of insufficient sight distance,and by speeding down,the difference of speed among vehicles are likely to result in rear-end collisions.The optical illusion sight distance caused by the visual illusion of“wall”phenomenon is defined and analysed,an evaluation model is established,and a series of improvement measures in terms of inner kerb radii of horizontal curves and speed control are proposed.The conclusion shows that in order to avoid the impact of such phenomenon on driving safety,inner kerb radii and optical illusion sight distance should be the constraint factors in terms of tunnel designing for turning angle less than 30 degrees.