如何实现社会整合--论哈贝马斯的社会整合思想

How to Realize Social Integration——On Habermas Thought of Social Integration

社会整合问题是资本主义社会面临的重要问题,西方的思想家们从不同的维度对这个问题展开分析。哈贝马斯提出一种商谈论的思路,试图运用交往行为理论将社会整合过程中的规范性因素与事实性因素结合,从而破解资本主义社会的“霍布斯问题”。他主张用交往理性取代实践理性,恢复生活世界的文化再生产,以同时具备规范性与事实性要素的法律规范来导控社会整合。这种商谈论的思路有助于从规范性与事实性相统一的视角重新审视社会整合的理性基础和实践机制,但它过分强调语言等文化的社会整合力量,不可避免存在空想的成分。

Social integration is an important issue arising from the development of capitalist society since the Enlightenment.This issue has attracted great attention of western academic circles.Scholars analyze the above problems from different dimensions.On this basis,Habermas put forward an idea of Communicative action theory,trying to combine the normative factors and factual factors in the process of social integration by using the theory of Communicative behavior,so as to solve the“Hobbes problem”of the post“metaphysical society”.He advocated replacing practical rationality with communicative rationality,making overall use of two ways of system integration and social integration,guiding and controlling social integration with legal norms with normative and factual elements,and realizing the internal consistency between social integration action and the construction of a democratic and rule of law country.This urges us to re-examine the rational basis and practical mechanism of social integration from the perspective of the unity of facts and norms.However,Habermas s social integration theory overemphasizes the power of culture such as language,and there are inevitably Utopian elements.